Every member of the Tweede Kamer and every minister between 2008 and 2025: their careers and parties, the bills they sponsored and what the Raad van State advised, and, from their own words in the chamber, where each of them stands on checks on the executive: parliament, courts, advisory bodies and citizens' rights.
Build a chart from any variable on this site, or start from a question. Hover a point for the person or party and click it to open them; drag to zoom, double-click to reset, and use the camera icon to save a picture.
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Seven fixed pictures that place people rather than parties, with the selected person ringed in each and a reading guide under every one.
Every bill (wetsvoorstel) deposited in the Tweede Kamer since 2008, with the subject categories the Kamer assigns to its dossier, the submitters linked to the people on this site, the final vote, and the Raad van State's opinion on the bill in four classes read from the Council's own closing formula, from A (accept) to D (reject), including the approving opinions that were left unpublished before 2019.
Every classified opinion by year of publication, laws and executive decrees, with the recovered approving opinions included.
Tweede Kamer subject categories on the dossier; a bill usually carries two or three.
Submitters are the signatories of the first bill document: ministers for government bills, members for initiative bills. Click a name to open the person.
Orders in council (AMvB) and ministerial regulations, each read in full by a language model: what it does, the statutes it rests on, and how far it shifts power to the executive. Orders in council are included only where their text could be retrieved.
Open a party for its cabinets, positions over time, bills and members, or compare parties on the positions you choose.
Parties of the people on this site: whether they were in government, formally supporting it, or in opposition under each cabinet; expert positions from the Chapel Hill Expert Survey; the bills their members submitted with the Raad van State's advice; and the yearly mean stance index of their members' own speech.
Positions from the Chapel Hill Expert Survey. Pick a wave, then add or remove positions; cells darken towards the high end of each scale, and the column name shows both ends on hover. Parties run from left to right.
All variables of the Chapel Hill Expert Survey for the Dutch parties, one column per party, parties ordered from left to right. Each bar runs from the low end of the scale to the high end; hover a row name to read what the two ends mean. Positions are 0 to 10 unless the row says otherwise; salience rows measure how much the party talks about the issue, dissent rows how divided it is.
From the Manifesto Project (version 2026a): the share of each party's election programme given to every coded category, as a percentage of its statements, and the right–left index built from those shares (−100 to +100). Pick an election; parties are ordered from left to right on that index. Bars are relative to the largest value in the row, so they compare parties within a category, not categories with each other.
Share of the votes in which two parties' majorities went the same way, from the Dutch Parliamentary Behaviour Dataset; only votes with both parties present count, and only pairs with at least fifty such votes are shown. Parties are ordered by their position on the first dimension of the voting space (the number after the name). Darker is closer; hover a cell for the count. How this is measured
How every number on this site is made, what the sources are, and where the Dutch record stops.
Share of the people for whom each item exists.
One person key links everything about a person; the party label links to the party layer; the dossier number links bills, topics, votes, Raad van State opinions and the flagged bills. The person layer and the act layer meet through the submitters of each bill.
Sources: OpenKamer, Tweede Kamer open data, Handelingen from the official publications repository, Raad van State advisory opinions, the Chapel Hill Expert Survey, the PopuList, the Manifesto Project, WhoGov, Paths to Power, the Global Leadership Project, Parliaments Day-by-Day, the GESIS Technocratic Ministers Dataset, the Dutch Parliamentary Behaviour Dataset, the Tweede Kamer's registers of secondary functions, careers and education, the Kiesraad's candidate lists and counts, Wikipedia and Wikidata. OpenKamer snapshot of ; plenary transcripts to mid-2026. Built for the Netherlands case of TWIN4DEM.